Legends of the Khibiny: The tale of the Sami blood stones

© Russian Arctic and Far East DevelopmentEudialyte impregnations in stone
Eudialyte impregnations in stone
One of the most beautiful and valuable minerals found in the apatite-nepheline deposits of the Khibiny Mountains is eudialyte. Besides its rarity – it occurs naturally only in Greenland, Canada, and Russia’s Kola Peninsula – it is remarkable for its exceptionally rich chemical composition. Eudialyte contains silicon, sodium, calcium, cerium, iron, manganese, zirconium, and yttrium, along with trace amounts of numerous other elements. In total, its composition includes representatives of nearly 70 percent of the periodic table, among them all the rare earth elements, as well as uranium and thorium.
The mineral’s name comes from the Greek for “easily soluble.” The indigenous Sami people of the Kola Peninsula, however, know it by a far more evocative name – “Sami blood.” Several versions of this legend exist, the earliest of which is believed to have been recorded by the renowned Russian mineralogist Alexander Fersman in his book Memories of Stone. Fersman played a pivotal role in the exploration and scientific study of the Khibiny mineral deposits on the Kola Peninsula.
© Russian Arctic and Far East DevelopmentEudialyte specimens on display at the Apatit Museum and Exhibition Center
Eudialyte specimens on display at the Apatit Museum and Exhibition Center
Eudialyte specimens on display at the Apatit Museum and Exhibition Center
The story was recorded from the recollections of a young Sami woman named Annushka, who once hosted a group of geologists. According to her account:

“It happened long, long ago. Strangers came to our land – the Swedes. We, Lapps [Sami], were just simple people: we had no weapons, not even hunting guns, and many of us did not even own knives. We had no wish to fight. But the Swedes began taking our reindeer, seized our fishing grounds, built their corrals and settlements, and left us with nowhere to live.

So, the elders gathered to decide how to drive the Swedes away. They were powerful people – big men armed with firearms. The elders debated and argued, and in the end they resolved to stand together against them, reclaim our reindeer, and return to the lands around Lake Seydyavr and Lake Umbozero.

So, our people went to war – some carrying hunting guns, others armed only with knives. They all rose against the Swedes, but the Swedes were powerful warriors who had no fear of the Lapps. First, they tricked our people into gathering at Lake Seydyavr and slaughtered them there. They struck to the right, and not one of our people remained alive. Drops of Sami blood splashed across the mountains, the tundra, and the Khibiny. Then they struck to the left, and again our people fell, their blood staining the tundra once more.

You remember the red stone you showed me in the mountains? That is the very blood of the Sami – the blood of our ancestors.

But when our elders saw the Swedes cutting down our people, they were filled with fury. They hid among the willow thickets, gathered their strength, and then fell upon the enemy from every side. The Swedes were trapped. They could not descend to Lake Seydyavr, nor could they escape onto the tundra. Their leader was cornered on a sheer cliff above the lake. When you visit Lake Seydyavr, you will see the giant figure of Kuiva for yourself. That is the Swedes’ chieftain whom our elders crushed against the rock in the great battle.

There he has remained ever since – the cursed Kuiva. Our elders reclaimed their reindeer, returned to their fishing grounds, and resumed their lives. But the crimson drops of Sami blood were left scattered across the tundra. No one could gather them all. Too much blood had been shed before Kuiva was finally defeated.”